Green Hydrogen generators

Executive Summary

Sustainable Hydrogen Delivery and Storage System

12/21/2020

Introduction

Previous research contained an experiment that combined aluminum foil, water, and an

alkaline catalysis. The results were heat, an oxide, and hydrogen gas. From this simple

demonstration an economical and sustainable process to produce and deliver large

quantities of pure hydrogen has been developed.

Current Methodologies and Technologies

Electrolysis and alkaline aluminum-air hydrogen fuel cell technology are currently the two of

the eleven main types of hydrogen production. The majority of hydrogen production, from

water, is gleaned from electrolysis, which is a high cost, slow process with a carbon footprint

much larger than the advertised green savings. The second and most practical technology is

the alkaline aluminum-air hydrogen fuel cell. This technology incorporates an aqueous

alkaline solution and a solid state supply of aluminum. When the aluminum is immersed in

the alkaline solution, energy, trapped in the aluminum, is released in the form of heat, which

then separates or extracts hydrogen from the water. This allows for the extraction of

99.996% pure hydrogen, on demand, at a very high rate, and without any external or

supplemental energy.

Development

The H-CELL processes are a re-engineering and re-design of the applications and

functionality of the certain process and research, which was developed about 15 years ago

following twenty years of investigative research. This Process has been patented and has

additional patents pending.  For years, hundreds of researchers

have been exploring hydrogen production in large quantities in a short period of time and at

reasonable cost. But first, there are two basic types of hydrogen. The first is dirty hydrogen

(65% pure) that is extracted from hydrocarbons, usually natural gas. Oil & Gas refineries

have been producing this type of hydrogen for over 60 years. The second type of hydrogen

is clean hydrogen (99.996% pure) extracted from water. Hydrogen makes up 50% of our

own atmosphere and is the most abundant element in the universe. Electrolysis has long

been the most accepted method for extracting hydrogen from water; however, this method

requires large amounts of energy to produce one litter of hydrogen. Recent advancements

are exploring solar and wind alternatives to the electrolysis power drain. The H-CELL

process does not rely on external sources of energy. It can use any type of water source

and is simple and safe to operate. An H-CELL can be designed for all most any application

and produces 99.99% pure hydrogen. It can be self-contained or designed to be in modular

add-on units for additional production volumes and back-up H-CELLs. It is not dependent on

external power sources and what little power is required, to run instrumentation, can be

supplied by wind or solar. The H-CELL has unique operational processes that allow for the

lowest generating cost per kilowatt of any commercial unit currently being offered. The

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HCELL is not a theory or bench type mock-up. A full-size commercial unit has been

designed, built, modified and operated successfully. Over the last 15 years over $5M has

been spent on developing the cradle to grave H-CELL recycle process. The H-CELL

Process consists of an H-CELL containment vessel, which contains water, catalyst, and

consumable. The produced hydrogen flows, under pressure, from the H-CELL to the purifier

where the hydrogen is cleansed of minerals and water vapor. From the purifier, the 99.996%

pure hydrogen is stored in carbon fiber storage tanks or other technology. These tanks can

withstand 2000 psi pressure. A third vessel is the R-CELL where the byproduct consumable is

reformed into the original consumable state. Thus, the total cradle to grave process is

recycled. The catalyst is not consumed, but rather, re-constituted in the purification process

and the consumable is oxidized and then reformed into reusable consumable in the R-CELL

to be used over and over.

The Sustainable Hydrogen HCELL System

Electrolysis is sustainable as long as you have sufficient DC power source and cleanable

electrode/anode plates. The alkaline aluminum-air hydrogen fuel cell is sustainable as long

as it has a new supply of aluminum and/or alumina as an energy source.

Further testing demonstrated the byproduct can be regenerated. And it can be integrated

into the process. And this is what makes the Sustainable Hydrogen Delivery and Storage

System (SHDS) a significant improvement over all other hydrogen delivery systems and

much more cost effective. A fully self-contained, self-sustainable, cradle to grave hydrogen

delivery system. “Just add water”

Anywhere there is a need for hydrogen, the Self-Sustainable Hydrogen Delivery System can

supply it. Since the alkaline base is a true catalyst and the solid fuel is continually

reconstituted, they never have to be replaced. Once the solid fuel has completely oxidized,

that oxidized residue is then reconstituted within the automated system. The solid fuel

regeneration is truly the major difference between the Self-Sustainable Hydrogen Delivery

System and any other hydrogen delivery product. “Just add Water.”

Patents, Licenses and Intellectual Properties

Neither H_pH2 Research and Solutions LLLP nor any of its associates, partners or

employees are aware of any patents on the H_pH2 or other technology as it applies herein.

There are multiple patents for extraction of hydrogen; however, these methods were

published in a science manual for high school science in 1954. The H_pH2 extraction

technology was developed with the reclamation of the solid energy source and the H_pH2

cradle to grave process is protected as an Intellectual Property (IP) and will be held by

H_pH2 Research and Solutions LLLP, which in turn will grant an exclusive License to

Dealers for the marketing of H_pH2 products and systems.

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Target Market and Projections

The main market targets are as follows:

 Engine Manufactures

 Diesel Gen Set Dealers

 Survivalist

 Stationary Engine Users

 Third World Governments

 Remote Operations, Military, First Responders, Search & Rescue, Catastrophic

Sites. (US Army showed interest in a prototype – the prototype was developed for

presentation and testing/demonstration)

 Senator Graham showed interest for use in the military

Summary

Our group has built a commercial, dual, Aluminum-air HCELL that generates 7,287 cubic

feet of hydrogen or 1.5 Kw per cycle, with 8 cycles per ten-hour day. The technology of

aluminum regeneration of the byproduct has been bench tested successfully and follows an

accepted scientific proven process. The next step is to design and construct a commercial,

self-sustainable, hydrogen delivery system and storage based on our IPs, technology, and

commercial test bed HCELL.

References:

 U.S. Energy Requirements for Aluminum Production: Historical Perspective, Theoretical Limits and New

Opportunities, William T. Choate and John A. S. Green, Ph.D.

 International Aluminum Institute, New Zealand House, Haymarket, London

 http://www.world-aluminum.org

 Aluminum Energy for Fuel Cells – AFG/Dr. E. Kulakov, Dr. A.F. Ross

 Hydrogen Properties – College of the Desert

 Hydrogen Generation From Aluminum In A Non-Consumable Potassium Hydroxide Solution - L. Soler,

J. Macanás, M. Muñoz and J. Casado

 Hoffmann, P.: Tomorrow’s Energy: Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and the Prospects for a Cleaner Planet. The

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press. USA 2002.

 Belitskus, D., Reaction of Aluminum with Sodium Hydroxide Solution as a source of Hydrogen. Journal

of the Electrochemical Society, 117, (1970), 1097-1099.

 Chemical Market Reporter. 10/23/2000 Vol. 258 Issue 17, 22-29.